26th. January 1808 The Rum Rebellion.

Rum Rebellion.

This article is about the Australian rebellion. For the Mutiny album, see Rum Rebellion (album).

Rum Rebellion
Date 26 January 1808 – 1 January 1810 (1 year, 11 months and 6 days) Location Sydney, New South Wales Result Deposition and arrest of NSW Governor William Bligh Imposition of martial law Withdrawal and disbandment of NSW Corps in disgrace Appointment of Lachlan Macquarie as Governor
Belligerents
Great Britain	New South Wales Corps
Commanders and leaders
William Bligh	Major George Johnston John Macarthur
Strength
	~ 400

The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was the only successful armed takeover of government inAustralian history. During the 19th century, it was widely referred to as the Great Rebellion.

The Governor of New South Wales, William Bligh, was deposed by the New South Wales Corps under the command ofMajor George Johnston, working closely with John Macarthur, on 26 January 1808, 20 years to the day after Arthur Phillip founded European settlement in Australia. Afterwards, the colony was ruled by the military, with the senior military officer stationed in Sydney acting as the Lieutenant-Governor of the colony until the arrival from Britain of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie as the new Governor at the beginning of 1810.

• 
  
  • 
    
• 
  
• 
  
• • 
    

1649 Jan 20th.King Charles I goes on trial

Charles I of England

Charles I
Portrait from the studio of Anthony van Dyck, 1636
King of England and Ireland (more...)
Reign	27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649
Coronation	2 February 1626
Predecessor	James I
Successor	Charles II (de jure) Council of State (de facto)
King of Scotland (more...)
Reign	27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649
Coronation	18 June 1633
Predecessor	James VI
Successor	Charles II
Spouse	Henrietta Maria of France
Issue Detail	Charles II Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange James II & VII Elizabeth Anne Henry, Duke of Gloucester Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
House	House of Stuart
Father	James VI of Scotland and I of England
Mother	Anne of Denmark
Born	19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Scotland
Died	30 January 1649 (aged 48) Whitehall, London
Burial	9 February 1649 St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
Religion	Anglican

Charles I (19 November 1600 –30 January 1649  was monarch of the three kingdoms of England,Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

Charles was the second son ofKing James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became-heir apparent to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1612. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to a Spanish Habsburg princess culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later he married the Bourbonprincess Henrietta Maria of Franceinstead.

After his succession, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb hisroyal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannicalabsolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the Puritans and Calvinists, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church ecclesiastics, such asRichard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to successfully aid Protestant forces during theThirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall.

From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. Charles refused to accept his 

captors' demands for aconstitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared. In 1660, theEnglish Interregnum ended when the monarchy was restored to Charles's son, Charles II.

• • 
    
• 
  

Destruction of Elphinstone's army.

Remnants of an Army by Elizabeth Butler depicting the arrival of assistant surgeon, William Brydon, at Jalalabad on 13 January 1842.

On 1 January 1842, following some unusual thinking by Elphinstone, which may have had something to do with the poor defensibility of the cantonment, an agreement was reached that provided for the safe exodus of the British garrison and its dependants from Afghanistan. Five days later, the withdrawal began. The departing British contingent numbered around 16,500, of which about 4,500 were military personnel, and over 12,000 were camp followers. The military force consisted mostly of Indian units and one British battalion, 44th Regiment of Foot.

They were attacked by Ghilzai warriors as they struggled through the snowbound passes. The evacuees were killed in huge numbers as they made their way down the 30 miles (48 km) of treacherous gorges and passes lying along the Kabul River between Kabul andGandamak, and were massacred at the Gandamak pass before a survivor reached the besieged garrison at Jalalabad. The force had been reduced to fewer than forty men by a withdrawal from Kabul that had become, towards the end, a running battle through two feet of snow. The ground was frozen, the men had no shelter and had little food for weeks. Of the weapons remaining to the survivors, there were approximately a dozen working muskets, the officers' pistols and a few swords. The remnants of the 44th were all killed except Captain James Souter, Sergeant Fair and seven soldiers who were taken prisoner. The only soldier to reach Jalalabad was Dr. William Brydon.

Crazy Horse

Crazy Horse
A 1934 sketch of Crazy Horse made by a Mormon missionary after interviewing Crazy Horse's sister, who claimed the depiction was accurate.
Tribe	Oglala Lakota
Born	Cha-O-Ha ("In the Wilderness" or "Among the Trees") c. 1840
Died	September 5, 1877 Fort Robinson, Nebraska
Native name	Tašúŋke Witkó
Nickname(s)	Curly, Light Hair
Known for	Leader at the Battle of the Little Bighorn
Cause of death	Bayonet wound
Resting place	Undisclosed location
Spouse(s)	Black Buffalo Woman Black Shawl Nellie Larrabee (Laravie)
Children	They Are Afraid of Her
Parents	Crazy Horse (the elder), also known asWaglula (Worm), Rattling Blanket Woman (born 1814).
Relatives	Brother, Little Hawk, uncle by same name Little Hawk, Sister, Laughing One. Cousins, Touch the Clouds,Flying Hawk, Kicking Bear, Black Fox II, Eagle Thunder and Walking Eagle. Grandparents, Black Buffalo and White Cow (also called Iron Cane). Uncles,Spotted Tail, Lone Horn. Aunts, Good Looking Woman, Looks At It (later called They Are Afraid of Her), Father's wives, Iron Between Horns, Kills Enemy, and Red Leggins.

Crazy Horse (Lakota: Tašúŋke Witkó in Standard Lakota Orthography, IPA:tχaʃʊ̃kɛ witkɔ), literally "His-Horse-Is-Crazy"; ca. 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the Lakota people, including leading a war party to victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876.

Four months after surrendering to U.S. troops under General Crookin May 1877, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a military guard, using his bayonet, while allegedly resisting imprisonment at Camp Robinsonin present-day Nebraska. He ranks among the most notable and iconic of Native American tribal members and was honored by the U.S. Postal Service in 1982 with a 13¢ Great Americans seriespostage stamp.

• 
  
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  • 
    
  •