Battle of Bismarck sea 2-4 March 1943.

The Battle of the Bismarck Sea (2–4 March 1943) took place in the South West Pacific Area(SWPA) during World War II when aircraft of the U.S. Fifth Air Force and the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) attacked a Japanese convoy carrying troops to Lae, New Guinea. Most of the task force was destroyed, and Japanese troop losses were heavy.

The Japanese convoy was a result of a Japanese Imperial General Headquarters decision in December 1942 to reinforce their position in the South West Pacific. A plan was devised to move some 6,900 troops from Rabaul directly to Lae. The plan was understood to be risky, because Allied air power in the area was strong, but it was decided to proceed because otherwise the troops would have to be landed a considerable distance away and march through inhospitable swamp, mountain and jungle terrain without roads before reaching their destination. On 28 February 1943, the convoy – comprising eight destroyers and eight troop transports with an escort of approximately 100 fighters – set out from Simpson Harbour in Rabaul.

The Allies had detected preparations for the convoy, and naval codebreakers in Melbourne(FRUMEL) and Washington, D.C., had decrypted and translated messages indicating the convoy’s intended destination and date of arrival. The Allied Air Forces had developed new techniques they hoped would improve the chances of successful air attack on ships. They detected and shadowed the convoy, which came under sustained air attack on 2–3 March 1943. Follow-up attacks by PT boats and aircraft were made on 4 March. All eight transports and four of the escorting destroyers were sunk. Out of 6,900 troops who were badly needed in New Guinea, only about 1,200 made it to Lae. Another 2,700 were rescued by destroyers and submarines and returned to Rabaul. The Japanese made no further attempts to reinforce Lae by ship, greatly hindering their ultimately unsuccessful efforts to stop Allied offensives in New Guinea.

King Edward VI

Edward VI of England 

Edward VI
Edward VI, by William Scrots, c. 1550
King of England and Ireland (more ...)
Reign	28 January 1547 – 6 July 1553
Coronation	20 February 1547
Predecessor	Henry VIII
Successor	Jane (disputed) or Mary I
Regent	See list Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset(1547–1549) John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland(1549–1553)
House	House of Tudor
Father	Henry VIII of England
Mother	Jane Seymour
Born	12 October 1537 Hampton Court Palace, Middlesex, England
Died	6 July 1553 (aged 15) Greenwich Palace, Kent, England
Burial	8 August 1553 Henry VII Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey, England
Religion	Church of England
Signature

Edward VI 

(12 October 1537 –6 July 1553) was King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of 
Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty 
and England's first monarch raised as a Protestant. During Edward's reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council because he never reached his majority. The Council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, from 1551 Duke of Northumberland.

Edward's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that, in 1549, erupted into riot and rebellion. An expensive war with Scotland, at first successful, ended with military withdrawal from Scotland as well as Boulogne-sur-Mer in exchange for peace. The transformation of the Church into a recognisably Protestant body also occurred under Edward, who took great interest in religious matters. Although his father, Henry VIII, had severed the link between the Church of England andRome, Henry VIII had never permitted the renunciation of Catholic doctrine or ceremony. It was during Edward's reign that Protestantism was established for the first time in England with reforms that included the abolition of clerical celibacy and the Mass and the imposition of compulsory services in English. The architect of these reforms was Thomas Cranmer,Archbishop of Canterbury, whose Book of Common Prayer is still used.

In February 1553, at age 15, Edward fell ill. When his sickness was discovered to be terminal, he and his Council drew up a "Devise for the Succession," attempting to prevent the country's return to Catholicism. Edward named his cousin, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir and excluded his half-sisters, Mary and Elizabeth. However, this decision was disputed following Edward's death, and Jane was deposed by Mary within 13 days. As queen, Mary reversed Edward's Protestant reforms, which nonetheless became the basis of theElizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559.

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26th. January 1808 The Rum Rebellion.

Rum Rebellion.

This article is about the Australian rebellion. For the Mutiny album, see Rum Rebellion (album).

Rum Rebellion
Date 26 January 1808 – 1 January 1810 (1 year, 11 months and 6 days) Location Sydney, New South Wales Result Deposition and arrest of NSW Governor William Bligh Imposition of martial law Withdrawal and disbandment of NSW Corps in disgrace Appointment of Lachlan Macquarie as Governor
Belligerents
Great Britain	New South Wales Corps
Commanders and leaders
William Bligh	Major George Johnston John Macarthur
Strength
	~ 400

The Rum Rebellion of 1808 was the only successful armed takeover of government inAustralian history. During the 19th century, it was widely referred to as the Great Rebellion.

The Governor of New South Wales, William Bligh, was deposed by the New South Wales Corps under the command ofMajor George Johnston, working closely with John Macarthur, on 26 January 1808, 20 years to the day after Arthur Phillip founded European settlement in Australia. Afterwards, the colony was ruled by the military, with the senior military officer stationed in Sydney acting as the Lieutenant-Governor of the colony until the arrival from Britain of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie as the new Governor at the beginning of 1810.

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1649 Jan 20th.King Charles I goes on trial

Charles I of England

Charles I
Portrait from the studio of Anthony van Dyck, 1636
King of England and Ireland (more...)
Reign	27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649
Coronation	2 February 1626
Predecessor	James I
Successor	Charles II (de jure) Council of State (de facto)
King of Scotland (more...)
Reign	27 March 1625 – 30 January 1649
Coronation	18 June 1633
Predecessor	James VI
Successor	Charles II
Spouse	Henrietta Maria of France
Issue Detail	Charles II Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange James II & VII Elizabeth Anne Henry, Duke of Gloucester Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
House	House of Stuart
Father	James VI of Scotland and I of England
Mother	Anne of Denmark
Born	19 November 1600 Dunfermline Palace, Dunfermline, Scotland
Died	30 January 1649 (aged 48) Whitehall, London
Burial	9 February 1649 St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, England
Religion	Anglican

Charles I (19 November 1600 –30 January 1649  was monarch of the three kingdoms of England,Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

Charles was the second son ofKing James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became-heir apparent to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones on the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, in 1612. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to a Spanish Habsburg princess culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later he married the Bourbonprincess Henrietta Maria of Franceinstead.

After his succession, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb hisroyal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings and thought he could govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannicalabsolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated the antipathy and mistrust of reformed groups such as the Puritans and Calvinists, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church ecclesiastics, such asRichard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to successfully aid Protestant forces during theThirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall.

From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. Charles refused to accept his 

captors' demands for aconstitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England was declared. In 1660, theEnglish Interregnum ended when the monarchy was restored to Charles's son, Charles II.

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